Fusion of Taq DNA polymerase with single-stranded DNA binding-like protein of Nanoarchaeum equitans-Expression and characterization.

DNA polymerases are present in all organisms and enzymes important that synthesize DNA molecules. They are used in various fields of science, especially as an important component for the in vitro synthesis of DNA, known as PCR. modern diagnostics, molecular biology and genetic engineering of DNA polymerase needs which demonstrate improved performance.

This study aims to get NeqSSB-TaqS new DNA polymerase fusion of domain Stoffel Taq DNA and single-stranded DNA binding protein from Nanoarchaeum equitans as to significantly improve the properties of the DNA polymerase. Stoffel Taq DNA coding sequence specific DNA polymerase and DNA-binding proteins Nanoarchaeum equitans (NeqSSB-like protein) fused. A new recombinant genes obtained were cloned into pET-30 Ek / LIC vector and introduced into E. coli for expression. Purified recombinant enzymes and enzymatic properties including the activity of DNA polymerase, PCR amplification level, thermostability, processivity and resistance to inhibitors, were tested.

The results of the target protein around 18 mg / l after 24 hours of IPTG induction. The specific activity of the polymerase is 2200 U / mg. Recombinant NeqSSB-TaqS exhibited a higher level extensions (1000 bp template 20 s), processivity (19 nt), thermostability (half-life 35 minutes at 95 ° C) and a higher tolerance for PCR inhibitors (0.3 to 1.25 % of whole blood, 0.84 to 13.5 ug heparin lactoferrin and 4.7 to 150 ng) of Taq DNA polymerase Stoffel.

In addition, our research shows that NeqSSB-TaqS DNA polymerase has a high degree of flexibility in relation to the Mg 2+ ions (from 1 to 5 mM) and KCl or (NH4) 2SO4 salt (more than 60 mM and 40 mM, respectively ). NeqSSB-TaqS using DNA polymerase Taq DNA polymerase can not be a better choice in many applications of PCR.

Fusion of Taq DNA polymerase with single-stranded DNA binding-like protein of Nanoarchaeum equitans-Expression and characterization.
Fusion of Taq DNA polymerase with single-stranded DNA binding-like protein of Nanoarchaeum equitans-Expression and characterization.

Data from self-made Taq DNA polymerase prepared for screening purposes.

DNA analysis is the main procedure in genetic engineering. This time the analysis is often done by PCR with Taq DNA polymerase. Although the price of the last enzyme is quite low, the demand for analysis of various results in a lot of spending money that is not affordable for many laboratories. Meanwhile, many screening duties do not require highly purified enzyme.

Taking into account the unique nature of the enzyme that allows for little simplifies the production without the use of expensive techniques such as column chromatography or the length and / or dialysis. The following data routine use of Taq DNA polymerase is prepared in accordance with the protocol developed in our laboratory are presented.

protocols only take a few hours to realize and does not need to be a qualified technician or costly equipment. But give an enzyme preparation suitable for most screening purposes. Taq DNA polymerase isolated stock can be stored as ammonium sulfate suspension in the refrigerator for a long time, not less than 6 months. Working enzyme solution prepared from stock suspension on demand, no more than once a month and can be stored well in the refrigerator.

Long Amp DNA polymerase

MBT069-1000U 1 unit
EUR 150.52
Description: Long Amp DNA polymerase

Long Amp DNA polymerase

MBT069-100U 1 unit
EUR 22.01
Description: Long Amp DNA polymerase

Long Amp DNA polymerase

MBT069-200U 1 unit
EUR 40.48
Description: Long Amp DNA polymerase

Long Amp DNA polymerase

MBT069-500U 1 unit
EUR 88.98
Description: Long Amp DNA polymerase

ACTaq? Taq Blue DNA Polymerase, 1000U

E2100B-1000U each
EUR 272.4

ACTaq™ Long DNA Polymerase, 1000U

E2200 1000U
EUR 160.47

ACTaq? Taq Blue DNA Polymerase, 250U

E2100B-250U each
EUR 126

ACTaq™ Taq Blue DNA Polymerase, 1000U

E2100B 1000U
EUR 153.24

Long-Range DNA Polymerase (PCR)

G460 250 U (50 ul)
EUR 93.6

Long-Range DNA Polymerase (PCR)

G461 1000 U (200 ul)
EUR 183.6

Long TAQ DNA Polymerase (5U/mcl)

15367 250 Units
EUR 28.22
Description: Part E

Long TAQ DNA Polymerase (5U/mcl)

15367-1 1000 Units
EUR 102.63
Description: Part E

Long-Taq DNA Polymerase (5U/uL)

A4186-250U 250U
EUR 66
Description: Biotechnology

Long Range DNA Polymerase (500 U | 400 reactions)

BRBR0300302 each
EUR 388.59

O' in 1 DNA Polymerase Premix 2xwi Blue Dye

FYT206-100P 100 Preps 1.25ml x 2 vials Ask for price

Long Range DNA Polymerase (100 U | 80 reactions)

BRBR0300301 each
EUR 95.38

Long TAQ DNA Polymerase (5U/mcl) (w/dNTP)

94126 250 Units
EUR 42.76
Description: Part E

Long TAQ DNA Polymerase (5U/mcl) (w/dNTP)

94126-1 1000 Units
EUR 128.29
Description: Part E

Maximo Blue-Taq DNA Polymerase (ready-to-load, conc. 1u/µl)

S111 500 units
EUR 55

Maximo Blue-Taq DNA Polymerase (ready-to-load, conc. 1u/µl)

S112 5x500 units
EUR 269

Maximo Blue-Taq DNA Polymerase (ready-to-load, conc. 1u/µl)

S128 20x500 units
EUR 729

Maximo Blue-Taq DNA Polymerase (ready-to-load, conc. 1u/µl)

S129 100x500 units or as bulk
EUR 2142

LongerAmp Taq DNA Polymerase

RK20680 1000U
EUR 130.8

amfiSure LQ Long PCR Polymerase

P0326-010 100 units
EUR 230.4

amfiSure LQ Long PCR Polymerase

P0326-025 250 units
EUR 400.8

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa)

MBS648582-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 695

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa)

MBS648582-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 2975

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (AP)

MBS6335631-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (AP)

MBS6335631-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (PE)

MBS6335641-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (PE)

MBS6335641-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (APC)

MBS6335632-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (APC)

MBS6335632-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (FITC)

MBS6335634-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (FITC)

MBS6335634-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (HRP)

MBS6335635-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (HRP)

MBS6335635-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (Biotin)

MBS6335633-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (Biotin)

MBS6335633-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

POLQ (DNA Polymerase theta, DNA Polymerase eta, POLH)

MBS6008714-01mg 0.1(mg
EUR 520

POLQ (DNA Polymerase theta, DNA Polymerase eta, POLH)

MBS6008714-5x01mg 5x0.1mg
EUR 2185

DNA Polymerase

ABF5235 100 ug
EUR 525.6

DNA Polymerase

ABD3082 100 ug
EUR 525.6

DNA Polymerase

abx461001-1096tests 10 × 96 tests Ask for price

DNA Polymerase

abx461001-596tests 5 × 96 tests Ask for price

DNA Polymerase

abx461001-96tests 96 tests
EUR 425

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 405)

MBS6335636-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 405)

MBS6335636-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 490)

MBS6335637-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 490)

MBS6335637-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 550)

MBS6335638-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 550)

MBS6335638-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 650)

MBS6335639-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 650)

MBS6335639-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 750)

MBS6335640-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

POLL, CT (POLL, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA polymerase beta-2, DNA polymerase kappa) (MaxLight 750)

MBS6335640-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

POLL, CT (DNA Polymerase lambda, Pol Lambda, DNA Polymerase beta-2, Pol beta2, DNA Polymerase kappa)

MBS6009414-005mg 0.05(mg
EUR 745

POLL, CT (DNA Polymerase lambda, Pol Lambda, DNA Polymerase beta-2, Pol beta2, DNA Polymerase kappa)

MBS6009414-5x005mg 5x0.05mg
EUR 3195

POLQ (DNA Polymerase theta, DNA Polymerase eta, POLH, DKFZp781A0112)

MBS6011074-01mg 0.1(mg
EUR 630

POLQ (DNA Polymerase theta, DNA Polymerase eta, POLH, DKFZp781A0112)

MBS6011074-5x01mg 5x0.1mg
EUR 2680

POLE2 (DPE2, DNA Polymerase epsilon Subunit 2, DNA Polymerase II Subunit 2, DNA Polymerase epsilon Subunit B)

MBS6003978-01mg 0.1(mg
EUR 630

POLE2 (DPE2, DNA Polymerase epsilon Subunit 2, DNA Polymerase II Subunit 2, DNA Polymerase epsilon Subunit B)

MBS6003978-5x01mg 5x0.1mg
EUR 2680

T4 DNA Polymerase

3222 1/EA
EUR 140
Description: Intact Genomics T4 DNA Polymerase has both a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and a potent 3´→5´ exonuclease activity. Product Includes:T4 DNA Polymerase10x T4 DNA Polymerase Buffer

T4 DNA Polymerase

E1100-01 200U
EUR 64.31
Description: T4 DNA Polymerase exhibits very strong 3'->5' exonuclease activity

T4 DNA Polymerase

E1100-02 1000U
EUR 259.42
Description: T4 DNA Polymerase exhibits very strong 3'->5' exonuclease activity

DNA Polymerase I

E1080-01 500U
EUR 54.5
Description: DNA-dependent DNA polymerase with inherent 3'->5' and 5'->3' exonuclease activity (E. coli).

DNA Polymerase I

E1080-02 2500U
EUR 215.82
Description: DNA-dependent DNA polymerase with inherent 3'->5' and 5'->3' exonuclease activity (E. coli).

DNA polymerase mu

E8ER1907-58 100ul
EUR 275
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

T4 DNA Polymerase

M1211-100 each
EUR 385.2

SD DNA Polymerase

MBS430264-500Units 500Units
EUR 205

SD DNA Polymerase

MBS430264-5x500Units 5x500Units
EUR 785

DNA Polymerase I

MBS653843-2500Units 2500Units
EUR 865

DNA Polymerase I

MBS653843-500Units 500Units
EUR 425

DNA Polymerase I

MBS653843-5x2500Units 5x2500Units
EUR 3750

DNA Polymerase T4

MBS653894-100Units 100Units
EUR 375

DNA Polymerase T4

MBS653894-5x100Units 5x100Units
EUR 680

T4 DNA polymerase

N101-01 2000 U
EUR 223

DNA polymerase mu

MBS8577451-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 345

DNA polymerase mu

MBS8577451-01mLAF405L 0.1mL(AF405L)
EUR 565

DNA polymerase mu

MBS8577451-01mLAF405S 0.1mL(AF405S)
EUR 565

DNA polymerase mu

MBS8577451-01mLAF610 0.1mL(AF610)
EUR 565

DNA polymerase mu

MBS8577451-01mLAF635 0.1mL(AF635)
EUR 565

DNA polymerase ? (Rat)

10-101 20ug
EUR 465.6
Description: The DNA polymerase ? (Rat) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur.

DNA polymerase ? (Rat)

10-102 100ug
EUR 1107.6
Description: The DNA polymerase ? (Rat) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur.

Taq DNA Polymerase

9001-2500 each
EUR 614.4

Taq DNA Polymerase

9001-500 each
EUR 229.2

PFU DNA Polymerase

9003-2500 each
EUR 614.4

PFU DNA Polymerase

9003-500 each
EUR 216

Laq? DNA Polymerase

9004-2500 each
EUR 732

Laq? DNA Polymerase

9004-500 each
EUR 261.6

Taq DNA Polymerase

3243 1000units
EUR 92
Description: Intact Genomics Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses a 5´→3´ polymerase activity (1, 2) and a 5´ flap endonuclease activity (3, 4). This product is supplied with 10x PCR reaction buffer, containing MgCl2, which produces a final Mg2+ concentration of 1.5 mM. Ideal for primary extension reaction with DNA fragments having dA overhang on 3’ ends.Product Includes:Taq DNA Polymerase10x PCR Buffer with Mg2+5x Magic Enhancer

Taq DNA Polymerase

3243d 1000units
EUR 120
Description: Intact Genomics Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses a 5´→3´ polymerase activity (1, 2) and a 5´ flap endonuclease activity (3, 4). This product is supplied with 10x PCR reaction buffer, containing MgCl2, which produces a final Mg2+ concentration of 1.5 mM. Ideal for primary extension reaction with DNA fragments having dA overhang on 3’ ends.Product Includes:Taq DNA Polymerase10x PCR Buffer with Mg2+5x Magic Enhancer

Taq DNA Polymerase

3245 1/EA
EUR 359.2
Description: Intact Genomics Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses a 5´→3´ polymerase activity (1, 2) and a 5´ flap endonuclease activity (3, 4). This product is supplied with 10x PCR reaction buffer, containing MgCl2, which produces a final Mg2+ concentration of 1.5 mM. Ideal for primary extension reaction with DNA fragments having dA overhang on 3’ ends.Product Includes:Taq DNA Polymerase10x PCR Buffer with Mg2+5x Magic Enhancer

Taq DNA Polymerase

3245d 1/EA
EUR 476
Description: Intact Genomics Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses a 5´→3´ polymerase activity (1, 2) and a 5´ flap endonuclease activity (3, 4). This product is supplied with 10x PCR reaction buffer, containing MgCl2, which produces a final Mg2+ concentration of 1.5 mM. Ideal for primary extension reaction with DNA fragments having dA overhang on 3’ ends.Product Includes:Taq DNA Polymerase10x PCR Buffer with Mg2+5x Magic Enhancer10mM dNTP Mix

Taq DNA Polymerase

abx299725-100g 100 µg Ask for price

Taq DNA Polymerase

abx299725-20g 20 µg
EUR 337.5

Taq DNA Polymerase

abx299725-50g 50 µg Ask for price

Taq DNA Polymerase

BA00103 500U
EUR 104.4
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA Polymerase

BA00104 1000U
EUR 147.6
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA Polymerase

BA00105 2500U
EUR 278.4
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Pfu DNA Polymerase

BA00503 500U
EUR 174
Description: High quality Pfu polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Pfu DNA Polymerase

BA00504 1000U
EUR 286.8
Description: High quality Pfu polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Pfu DNA Polymerase

BA00505 2500U
EUR 626.4
Description: High quality Pfu polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

DNA Polymerase Mix

abx461002-1096tests 10 × 96 tests Ask for price

DNA Polymerase Mix

abx461002-596tests 5 × 96 tests Ask for price

DNA Polymerase Mix

abx461002-96tests 96 tests
EUR 1262.5

Taq DNA Polymerase

abx461029-1096tests 10 × 96 tests
EUR 1787.5

Taq DNA Polymerase

abx461029-596tests 5 × 96 tests
EUR 1062.5

Taq DNA Polymerase

abx461029-96tests 96 tests
EUR 362.5

Taq DNA polymerase

BT10101 500U
EUR 96
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA polymerase

BT10102 1000U
EUR 130.8
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA polymerase

BT10103 2000U
EUR 200.4
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

Taq DNA Polymerase

G009 1000 U (200 ul)
EUR 20
Description: Taq DNA Polymerase is a highly thermostable DNA Polymerase that catalyzes the 5’-3’ synthesis of DNA. This polymerase has 5’-3’ exonuclease activities, lacks 3’-5’ exonuclease activity, and produces 3’-dA-tailed amplicons. PCR products made with Taq can be used with TA cloning vectors.

Tfl DNA Polymerase

E1112-01 200U
EUR 59.95
Description: Native Thermus flavus DNA polymerase (5.0 U/ul)

Tfl DNA Polymerase

E1112-02 1000U
EUR 237.62
Description: Native Thermus flavus DNA polymerase (5.0 U/ul)

Pfu DNA Polymerase

E1114-01 100U
EUR 23.98
Description: Highly thermostable DNA polymerase for PCR applications requiring high fidelity,proofreading activity; (5.0 U/μl)

Pfu DNA Polymerase

E1114-02 500U
EUR 90.47
Description: Highly thermostable DNA polymerase for PCR applications requiring high fidelity,proofreading activity; (5.0 U/μl)

Pfu DNA Polymerase

E1114-03 2500U
EUR 443.63
Description: Highly thermostable DNA polymerase for PCR applications requiring high fidelity,proofreading activity; (5.0 U/μl)

Tth DNA Polymerase

E1115-01 100U
EUR 54.5
Description: Thermus thermophilus DNA polymerase (5.0 U/μl)

Tth DNA Polymerase

E1115-02 500U
EUR 215.82
Description: Thermus thermophilus DNA polymerase (5.0 U/μl)

Bsu DNA Polymerase

E1450-01 200U
EUR 54.5
Description: Large fragment of mesophilic B. subtilis DNA Polymerase I, which lacks the 5'->3'exonuclease activity and naturally lacks the 3'->5' exonuclease activity

Bsu DNA Polymerase

E1450-02 1000U
EUR 215.82
Description: Large fragment of mesophilic B. subtilis DNA Polymerase I, which lacks the 5'->3'exonuclease activity and naturally lacks the 3'->5' exonuclease activity

Taq DNA Polymerase

E2500-01 200U
EUR 31.61
Description: Ultrapure, recombinant Taq DNA polymerase for general Use (5.0 U/ul)

Taq DNA Polymerase

E2500-02 1000U
EUR 120.99
Description: Ultrapure, recombinant Taq DNA polymerase for general Use (5.0 U/ul)

Taq DNA Polymerase

E2500-03 5000U
EUR 599.5
Description: Ultrapure, recombinant Taq DNA polymerase for general Use (5.0 U/ul)

Taq DNA Polymerase

E2500-04 500U
EUR 69.76
Description: Ultrapure, recombinant Taq DNA polymerase for general Use (5.0 U/ul)

Tfl DNA Polymerase

EK1112-01 200U
EUR 68.67
Description: Tfl DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Tfl DNA Polymerase

EK1112-02 1000U
EUR 279.04
Description: Tfl DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Pfu DNA Polymerase

EK1114-01 100U
EUR 26.16
Description: Pfu DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Pfu DNA Polymerase

EK1114-02 500U
EUR 104.64
Description: Pfu DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Pfu DNA Polymerase

EK1114-03 2500U
EUR 491.59
Description: Pfu DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Tth DNA Polymerase

EK1115-01 100U
EUR 57.77
Description: Tth DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Tth DNA Polymerase

EK1115-02 500U
EUR 236.53
Description: Tth DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Taq DNA Polymerase

EK2500-01 200U
EUR 40.33
Description: Taq DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Taq DNA Polymerase

EK2500-02 1000U
EUR 163.5
Description: Taq DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Taq DNA Polymerase

EK2500-03 5000U
EUR 809.87
Description: Taq DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Taq DNA Polymerase

EK2500-04 500U
EUR 90.47
Description: Taq DNA Polymerase Kit containing polymerase and dNTPs

Pfu DNA Polymerase

enz-265 100U
EUR 145
Description: Recombinant Pfu DNA Polymerase

Taq DNA Polymerase

EQ005 100μl/500U
EUR 50

Taq DNA Polymerase

EQ005-100ul500U 100μl/500U
EUR 15

Taq DNA Polymerase

EQ005-500ul2500U 500μl/2500U
EUR 50

Pfu DNA Polymerase

EQ008 50μl
EUR 68

Pfu DNA Polymerase

EQ008-100ul 100μl
EUR 68

Pfu DNA Polymerase

EQ008-50ul 50μl
EUR 38

Taq DNA Polymerase

MB101-0500 500 U/100 μl
EUR 10

Taq DNA Polymerase

MBS157418-1000Units 1000Units
EUR 190

Taq DNA Polymerase

MBS157418-3000Units 3000Units
EUR 245

Taq DNA Polymerase

MBS157418-500Units 500Units
EUR 175


Port plant homolog of various animal genes involved in the metabolism of phosphorus, telomere biology and other cellular processes. Compared to experiment with many other multicellular organisms, research in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana take advantage of a short generation time and increasing warehouse of genetic tools and GMOs, including a large collection of T-DNA knockout and line activation. Available to the public availability of thousands of transgenic Arabidopsis lines provide a unique opportunity to address a number of important biological questions.