Description: The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell atthe advent of the infection process. Most notable is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severe acuterespiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein alone can mediate the membrane fusionrequired for virus entry and cell fusion. It is also a major immunogen and a target for entry inhibitors. It's beenreported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the humanACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor.S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction ofneutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.

Description: Since April 2012, cases of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been identified in the following countries: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, Yemen, Lebanon, Iran, Algeria, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Greece, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Tunisia, Egypt, Malaysia, Turkey and the United States of America. Coronaviruses are the cause of the common cold, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and other severe illnesses with high mortality rates, all are classified into coronavirus family. MERS-CoV is a new type of SARS found in the coronavirus family causing severe pneumonia with sudden and serious respiratory illness with high mortality rates as well. Since January 27th 2015, the WHO has reported 956 human cases, including 351 deaths. More cases of the new coronavirus strain are expected. Like in other coronaviruses, large surface spike glycoprotein is a central structural protein of this virus; it is located above the virion surface to bind and enter into the target cell. Spike protein has 2 domains- S1 and S2. The S1 domain is responsible for cellular tropism and interaction with target cell, while the S2 domain is responsible for membrane fusion. The C-terminal of S1 domain contains a receptor binding domain, and is also a potential target for vaccine development and an antigen for diagnosis.

Description: The spike protein (S) of coronavirus (CoV) attaches the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A defined receptor-binding domain (RBD) on S mediates this interaction.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity.

Description: (NT) SARS Spike peptide

Description: (CT) SARS Spike peptide